Immortal Models

IMMORTAL MODELS to THE DAY of JUDGMENT

¨Anas ibn Malik reported that when his uncle Anas ibn AL Nadr saw weakness of Muslims in the Battle of Uhud, he said, “O Allah! I am innocent before You of what these (infidels of Makkah) have done, and I apologize to You for what these (Muslims) have done. Then, he fought till he was a martyr.

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●It was narrated from ᶦUkbah ibn ᶦAmir that the Messenger of Allah said, “A group of people from my nation will continue to fight in obedience to the Command of Allah, remaining overcoming their enemies. Those who will oppose them shall not do them any harm. They will remain in this condition until the Hour overtakes them.” [The Two Scholars].

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¨In the Battle of Badr, ᶦUmar ibn AL-Khattab killed his maternal uncle AL-ᶦAs ibn Hisham (Abu Jahl’s brother), also Abu-ᶦUbaidah ibn AL-Jaraah killed his father in the same battle. 
As for Abu-Bakr, he said to his son, who has embraced Islam later, “By Allah, if I had seen you on the Day of Badr, I would have killed you.”

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¨In the Battle of Yarmuk, which was led by Khalid ibn AL-Waleed against the Romans, the Romans started with a vicious attack that swept through Muslims’ rows. 
Then, ᶦIkrima ibn Abi Jahl went forward and said, “Who gives the pledge of allegiance for death?”

Five hundred Muslims set off with him penetrating the Romans’ rows, and they all were martyred, including ᶦIkrima and his son.

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¨In the Battle of ᶦAqrabaa, which was led by Khalid ibn AL-Waleed against Musailamah AL-Kadhdhab (i.e. the liar), when Musailamah realized that he was about to be defeated, he hurried with his forty thousand soldiers and entered “Hadeeqat AL Rahman” (as he had called it), and shut  its door.

Fighting stopped and AL-Baraᶦ ibn Malik yelled at Muslims and said, “Throw me on them.” So, they threw him from over the fence with his sword in his hand. 
He fought those who were at the door, then he opened the door and the masses of Muslims entered and killed Musailamah and his soldiers.

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¨In the Battle of Honayn, when Muslims were surprised by arrows raining down on them, they fled and left the Prophet with only twelve of his companions. 
The Prophet did not flee, instead, he shouted: “I am the Prophet undoubtedly; I am the son of Abd AL-Muttalib.” And he had been fighting till his companions came back to him. 
         

Fighting rebels

FIGHTING REBELS

(those who draw away from the leader)

Rebels: are a group of Muslims who oppose the JUST leader that Muslims have chosen.

As for their fighting: Their captives are not killed and their money are not taken as a booty.

A person becomes a leader or a ruler by one of the following:

①Decision makers give their pledge to him (as in the pledge of allegiance to Abu-Bakr AL-Seddik).

②The leader appoints a person as successor (as Abu-Bakr did when he appointed ᶦUmar ibn AL-Khttab as successor).

③A strong person, who is expert of leadership, seizes power in order to manage disorders.

Conditions of the just leader:

He must be a Muslim, male, adult, just, hard worker, brave, with unimpaired senses.

The leader should consider the grievances of those who have drawn away from him and remove them first.

But, if they insisted on fighting him, Muslims should assist him against those rebels, in order that the affairs of the country be organized.

For example: When Imam Ali went to fight Muᶦawiya and his allies who refused the consensus of the nation on choosing Imam Ali as a caliph, and engaged against them in the battle of AL Jamal and the battle of Safeen.

− Also, Imam Ali’s fight against the Dissenters (AL-Khwarij) in the battle of AL Nahrawaan.

The Prophet foresaw that earlier when he said to the son of his parental aunt AL Zubair ibn AL Awaam, “You will fight Ali and you will oppress him.” 
And indeed, AL Zubair engaged in the battle against Ali, and then he retreated from that, so Marawaan ibn AL Hakam killed him.

●Abu-Saᶦid AL-Khudri reported: We carried the adobe for construction of the mosque of the Prophet We were carrying one brick at a time while ᶦAmmar was carrying two.
The Prophet passed by ᶦAmmar and removed the dust off his head and said, “May Allah be Merciful to ᶦAmmar. He will be killed by a rebellious aggressive group. He will invite them (i.e. his murderers, the rebellious group) to Paradise and they will invite him to Hell-fire.” [AL-Bukhari].

And indeed, ᶦAmmar was killed in the battle of Safeen while he was fighting with Imam Ali against them (Muᶦawiya and his allies).

¨Many traditions have forbidden drawing away from the leader and have urged respecting public order.

●It was narrated from Abi-Hurairah that the Prophet said, “Whoever rebels against my nation (Ummah), killing the righteous and the wicked of them, does not try to avoid killing the believers, and does not fulfill his promise made with those who have been given a pledge (of security), is not from me (i.e. is not my follower), and I am not from him (i.e. I have nothing to do with him).”

●It was narrated from Ibn ᶦUmar that the Prophet (P.P.B.U.H) said, “It is obligatory upon a Muslim to listen (to the ruler) and obey whether he likes it or not, except when he is ordered to do a sin, in such case, there is no obligation to listen or to obey.” [Muslim].

●It was narrated from ᶦAuf ibn Malik that the Messenger of Allah (P.P.B.U.H) said, “The best of your rulers those whom you love and who love you, who invoke God’s blessings upon you and you invoke His blessings upon them. And the worst of your rulers are those whom you hate and who hate you and whom you curse and who curse you.”
It was asked (by those present): “Shouldn’t we overthrow them with the help of the sword?” He said: “No, as long as they establish prayer among you.” [Muslim].

●It was narrated from Ibn ᶦAbbas that the Prophet (P.P.B.U.H) said, “Whoever noticed something which he disliked done by his ruler, then he should be patient, for one who separated from the company of Muslims even for a span and then died, he would die as those who died in the pre-Islamic period of Ignorance (as rebellious sinner).” [AL-Bukhari].

Selections from Islamic Jurisprudence - Preface

The Aim of Translating This Book

﴾Praise be to Allah, Who has guided us to this, and in no way we could have been guided, unless Allah had guided us﴿            Chapter of the Heights. Verse NO 43

I’d like to indicate that I have translated this book “Selections from Islamic Jurisprudence” for the sake of God, hoping that it helps to clarify and 

simplify Islamic obligations and pillars for non-Arabic speakers

Nashwa EL Sayed Sarseeq

======================

In The Name of Beneficent, Merciful God

Preface

Praise be to Allah alone, Almighty. He is one not due to fewness, the First without beginning, and the Last without ending. When He is mentioned, the faithful feel tranquil. When we see Him, we are content. With His help, the believers rejoice. And His command is between the letters “B” and “e” (Be).

Birds praise Him in their nests, and monsters glorify Him in their desert. He is aware of His servant’s action: privately and publicly.

 And of His signs is that the heaven and the earth remain by His command. He has encompassed all things in knowledge, and has forgiven the sins of the guilty because of His generosity and clemency. 
                                                                                                

Blessings and peace be upon the Seal of Prophets and Messengers, the Leader of white (bright)-faced and white (bright)-legged people, Prophet Muhammad. He has been the best to convey the message, fulfill trust, advise the nation, and uncover obscure. May God reward him the best for us, and please us with his companionship in the Abode of Eternity.

Having said that:                                                                                                                                   

God says ﴾And it is not for the believers to go forth [to battle] all at once. For there should separate from every division of them a group [remaining] to obtain understanding in the religion and warn their people when they return to them that might be cautious﴿ Chapter of Repentance. Verse NO 122.  And the Prophet says: “If Allah wants to do good to a person, He makes him comprehend the religion.” [Narrated by AL-Bukhari and Muslim].
                                  -------------------------------------------------

This book “Selections from Islamic Jurisprudence” deals with the main obligations and pillars in Islam and deals with the most important issues that Muslims face in their daily life.

 In our age, simplification of jurisprudence issues, away from footnotes labyrinth and impenetrable texts, is an urgent need. You should not use boring abundance or the brief which undermines true meaning.

 A lot of people do not bother themselves to search for information in jurisprudence books, instead, they are content with what spreads around them in the audio-visual media.

These “Selections” have been extracted from “Imam Shafii School” with reference to the other schools’ opinions in some rites, so that a Muslim does not think that there are any troubles in acts of worship.

 The issue of schools is not important in Islam, as they all have been established from the biography of the Prophet and the Book of Allah, and because the diversity between them is in branches, not in principles and pillars. It is just that some of the jurisprudents are tightened in order to take the prudent opinion.

◊ An Example for That: In obligations of ablution, God says ﴾And wipe over your heads (imsahoo biruoosikum)﴿ ﴿وامسحوا برؤوسكم﴾ Imam Shafii has been content with wiping some of the head.  While Imam Abu Hanifah has insisted on wiping all of the head. Both of them are true, as the word “over” (i.e. the letter “b” in the word “biruoosikum”) (أي حرف الباء في كلمة "برؤوسكم")  in Arabic language has five meanings. One of them, which Imam Shafii has taken, is “the dividing”. And another one, that Abu Hanifah has taken, is “the sticking” which means wiping all of the head.

Thus, Islamic Jurisprudence has men who have been gifted with patience, persistence, and sacrifice. They were not waiting for a dirham or a dinar from anybody, but their researches were for God’s sake. Islamic Jurisprudence is about daily human movement, which he will be accountable for on the Day of Judgment. Jurisprudence provisions are between the following terms:

Obligation: Its doer is praised and its leaver is vilified. Examples: prayer, fasting, and obligatory charity (zakah).

                                                                                                              

The Sunnah: Its doer is praised and its leaver is not punished. Examples: forenoon prayer and voluntary charity.

.Permissible Act: If you do it or leave it, you will not be praised or vilified. Examples: eating or drinking.

Disliked Act: Its leaver is praised and its doer is not vilified. Examples: the amusement that is not prohibited.

                                                                                                                                      

Prohibited Act: Its doer is vilified and its leaver is praised. Examples: lying, theft, and usury.

Note that:
 ❶ Duty = Obligation = Pillar. They all have the same meaning, except in pilgrimage.

 ❷ The Sunnah = Advisable Act = Recommended Act = Volunteering = Optional worship. All have the same meaning.

 ❸ Disliked act may turn into prohibited act: Listening to music for a long time is disliked, and    if this leads to neglecting duty or forgetting a prayer, it will be prohibited, i.e. leads to going to hell.
 Another Example: What is the provision of marriage?
 The Answer: It is a Sunnah. Leaving it, for the one who needs it, is disliked. Marriage to one woman is allowed, marriage to two or three women is permissible, but marriage to more than four women at the same time is prohibited.

◊That is the mission of jurisprudents in religion. There are many jurisprudence disciplines and basics that are inherited from the first Muslim Generation, and the professional is the only one who is aware of them.

● Abu ᶦUbaydah ibn AL Jarrah, the governor of Damascus (AL-Sham), sent a message to the Caliph ᶦUmar ibn AL Khattab to tell him that a group of Muslims had drunk wine and they had said, “The verse said﴾Will you not desist?﴿ and did not settle it.” Then, ᶦUmar counselled Imam Ali. Imam Ali said, “Order Abu-ᶦUbaydah to get them in public, and ask them one question: Is wine legal or prohibited? If they say: ‘Prohibited’, flog them. And if they say: ‘Legal’, order to cut their throats.”
Thus, as the Prophet said, which is legal is clear and which is prohibited is clear.

I ask Almighty God, Generous Lord of the Throne, to satisfy the thirst of Muslim Men and Women to the true religious knowledge, in order that He accepts our deeds well, lets us land at a blessed landing place and gathers us with the ones, upon whom Allah has bestowed favor, of the prophets, the steadfast affirmers of truth, the martyrs, and the righteous. And excellent are those as companions. Excellent is the Protector, and excellent is the Helper.

                      EL Sayed Muhammad AL-Jameel Sarseek                                                                                                                                                         .                                                                                                                 .