(FRIDAY PRAYER (Salat AL-Jumuᶦa

FRIDAY PRAYER (Salat AL-Jumuᶦa)

It is a different, not shortened prayer. You must perform one prayer unit, at least, to make it valid.

If you missed the second prayer unit, and came after the leader had raised from bowing down, your Friday prayer would not be valid and you should perform the noon prayer (four prayer units) instead of it.

Its provision:

It is an individual duty on every male Muslim.

Its legitimacy:

It has been made obligatory in Makkah in the Night Journey of Prophet Muhammad from Makkah to Jerusalem and his Ascent to the Seventh Heaven, along with the five prayers, but the Prophet has performed it only after migration. 
He did so because one of its validity conditions is that being in public and in a group, and circumstances in Makkah did not allow that. 
The Prophet performed the first Friday prayer at the entry of AL-Madinah among the members of Salim ibn ᶦAouf tribe, after several days of his arrival in AL Madinah.

God says ﴾O you who have believed, when [AL Adhan] is called for the prayer on the day of Jumuᶦah [Friday], then proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade. That is better for you, if you only knew﴿Chapter of Friday. Verse NO 9

●Ibn Masᶦud reported: The Prophet said about people who are absent from Friday prayer: “I was about to command a person to lead people in prayer, and then burn those who absent themselves from Friday prayer in their houses.” [Muslim].

Conditions of its obligation

Islam, adulthood, mindfulness, maleness, residence, and healthy body.

Conditions of its validity

1) Number of praying persons must be forty resident males.

2) It must be performed at noon.

If one of the two previous conditions was not met, it would be performed, instead, as a noon prayer (four units). It must not be performed by following the radio or T.V.

Its obligations and pillars

1- Two speeches before prayer. The leader stands during them, if possible, and sits between them.

2- Two prayer units.

*The first speech must include praising God, saying “Pray and peace be upon His Messenger.”, recommendation of God fear and reciting some of the Holy Qurᶦan.

*The second speech must include what previously mentioned in the first speech, in addition to invocation for believers.

*An orator must be male, and if he is exhausted after delivering the two speeches, another person can lead people in the prayer.

●Ibn ᶦUmar said that the Messenger of Allah used to deliver two speeches on Friday and sit down between them. [AL-Bukhari and Muslim].

Sunnah practices on Friday (Sunan AL Jumuᶦah)

❶Bathing and applying perfume before going to the mosque. Also, trimming the nails, hair cutting, and wearing white clothes.

●It was narrated from Ibn AL-Sabbaq (May Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah said on a Friday, “Muslims! Allah has made this day a festival day, so take a bath and it will not harm whoever has perfume to apply some of it, and use a tooth-stick.” [Ibn-Majah].

❷Going early to the mosque.

●It was narrated from Abi-Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah said, “Whoever takes a bath on Friday, like the bath which is obligatory after sexual discharge and then 
goes (to the mosque), he is like one who offers a she-camel as a sacrifice to seek the pleasure of Allah, whoever comes in the second hour is like one offers a cow, whoever comes in the third hour is like one offers a ram with horns, whoever comes in the fourth hour is like one who offers a hen, and whoever comes in the fifth hour is like one who offers an egg. 
And when the prayer leader comes out (ascends the pulpit), the angels (who write the names of those who come to the mosque before the coming of the leader) close (their record) in order to listen to the speech.” [Muslim].

❸Listening carefully to the speech.

●It was narrated from Abi-Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah said: “When you tell your companion (on Friday) to be silent while the leader is delivering the speech, you are guilty of idle talk.” [Muslim].

❹The leader should shorten his speech and prolong the prayer.

●ᶦAmmar ibn Yasir (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah saying: “Prolonging prayer and shortening the speech indicate the religious knowledge of the person.  Make your prayer long and your speech short.” [Muslim].

❺Friday voluntary prayer (Sunnat AL Jumuᶦah) is after the obligatory Friday prayer, and it is four prayer units.

●It was narrated from Abi-Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah said: “When anyone among you performs prayer after the Friday prayer, he should pray four prayer units.” [Muslim]. 

❻Frequent invocation, alms, and saying prayers for the Prophet, as Friday is one of the great days.

●It was narrated from Abi-Hurairah that the Prophet (P.P.B.U.H) said, “The best day on which the sun has risen is Friday, on it Adam was created, on it he was made to enter Paradise, on it he was expelled from it. And the Hour will occur on no day other than Friday.” [Muslim].

●Abu- Hurairah reported: The Messenger of Allah said while talking about the merits of Friday, “There is an hour (opportune time) on Friday and if a Muslim gets it while praying and asks something from Allah, then Allah will definitely meet his demand.” And he (the Prophet) pointed with hand to indicate that this period of time is very short.

●It was narrated from Aus ibn Aus (May Allah be pleased with them) that the Prophet said, “Among the best of your days is Friday. So, on that day pray (invoke many blessings) for me, for such prayers are displayed to me.” [Abu-Daoud].

❼It is not permissible to perform optional night prayer on the night preceding Friday, or fast on Friday, as it is considered a festival.

●It was narrated from Abi-Hurairah that the Prophet (P.P.B.U.H) said, “Do not choose the night preceding Friday among all other nights for performing optional night prayer (Tahajjud), and do not choose Friday among all other days for fasting, unless it coincides with the days one regularly fasts.” [The Two Scholars].

●Abu- Hurairah narrated that: The Messenger of Allah said, “None of you should fast on Friday unless he fasts before it, or he fasts after it.”

Excuses which allow absence from Friday prayer

Extreme hot or cold weather, illness, and fear for honor and body. 

(Ablution (Wuduᶦ

Ablution (Wuduᶦ)

Its Legitimacy: 

It has been made obligatory in the Night Journey of the Prophet Muhammad from Makkah to Jerusalem and his Ascent to the Seventh Heaven. It has been made obligatory together with prayer.

 It was an obligation to perform ablution before each prayer. But then, this provision has become abrogated in the Battle of the Trench, in the fifth year of Hijrah (5 A.H). It has become obligatory only to remove the minor ritual impurity.

Ablution Validity Conditions:

1) Water is pure, not mixed with other substances.

2) Water must be not previously used for purification.

3) There is not any barrier which prevents the reach of water to the skin. But if there are wounds dressed in bandages that can be endangered, sand ablution upon them is a must.

4) Perfect ablution, which means to be sure of washing an organ carefully, and beyond what is required.

● ᶦUthman ibn Affan (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (P.P.B.U.H) said, “He who performs ablution perfectly (i.e., according to Sunnah), his sins will come out from his body, even coming out from under his nails.” [Muslim]. 

● It was narrated from Abi-Hurairah, that the Messenger of Allah said: “Do you think that if there was a river by the door of any one of you, and he bathed in it five times each day, would there be any trace of dirt left on him?” They said: “No trace of dirt would be left on him.” He said, “That is the likeness of the five daily prayers. By means of them, Allah erases sins.” [The Two Scholars].

● It was narrated from Abi-Hurairah, that the Messenger of Allah said: “On the day of Judgment, my followers (Ummah) will come with bright faces, hands, and feet from the traces of ablution. Whoever can increase the area of his radiance, should do so.” [AL Bukhari]. 

● Ibn ᶦAmr ibn EL-ᶦAs (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: A group of people hurried and performed ablution hastily, so their heels appeared not touched with water. So, the Messenger of Allah said, “Woe to the heels because of the hell-fire… Make your ablution thorough.” [Muslim].

Ablution Obligations:

1) Intention.

2) Washing the whole face, lengthwise: from the hair root (the top of forehead) to the down of chin bone, and widthwise: in between the ears.

3) Washing the hands along with the elbows.   
4) Wiping some of the head or all of it.

5) Washing the legs along with the heels.

6) Previous steps have to be performed in the same order in which they are mentioned.

● The Prophet said: “Begin with what Allah had begun with.” [Reported by AL-Nasaᶦi].

God says ﴾O you who believed, when you rise to [perform] prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows and wipe over your heads and wash your feet to the heels﴿ Chapter of the Table (AL-Maᶦidah).

The Sunnah Practices of Ablution:

1) Mentioning the name of Allah.            

2) Washing the hands.

3) Wiping all of the two ears.                    

4) Rinsing the mouth and rinsing the nose.
5) Entering water through the thick beard, and in between fingers and toes.

● The Prophet said: “Perform ablution perfectly and let water run between your fingers.” [AL-Tirmidhi].

6) Beginning with the right organ, then followed by the left organ.
7) Succession of ablution acts.

Ablution Disliked Acts:

1) Wasting water. 
                                     
2) Washing the organ more or less than three times.

●Ibn ᶦUmar (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: The Prophet (P.P.B.U.H) passed by Saᶦd when he was performing ablution, and he said: “What is this extravagance?” Saᶦd said, “Can there be any extravagance in ablution?” The Prophet said: “Yes, even if you are on the bank of a flowing river.”

3) If a person gets someone else for ablution, in spite of his ability to do it on his own.

4) Exaggeration in rinsing water in the mouth, and in rinsing water in the nose during fasting.

● Laqit ibn Sabra (May Allah be pleased with him) said, “I said to the Messenger of Allah: ‘Tell me about ablution.’ And he said: ‘Perform a perfect ablution, run water between the fingers and toes, and if not fasting, sniff water up well inside the nose.’” [Abu-Daoud and AL-Tirmidhi].

● It was narrated that Amr ibn Absah said: “The Messenger of Allah said, ‘When a person performs ablution and washes his face, as God commanded, his sins exit through his face with water. When he washes his hands along with his elbows, his sins exit through his fingertips with water. When he wipes his head, his sins exit through his hair ends with water. When he washes his feet along with his heels, his sins exit his toes with water.’” [Muslim]. 

Invalidators of ablution (things that cause the minor ritual impurity):

1) Sleeping.                         
2) What comes from the two natural orifices (front or back private parts).    
3) When there is no mind due to syncope, drunkenness, illness, or madness. A person, in one of these states, is to perform ablution after he becomes awake.                                4) When an adult male touches an adult female, who is not a Mahram to him, without a barrier, even if she is dead.

N.B Mahram means: Unmaritable relation – husband or any other relative to whom a woman is prohibited to marry (like her uncle, father, brother). Or, wife or any other relative to whom a man is prohibited to marry (like his aunt, mother, sister).

5) When a person touches his private part or the private part of someone else with his palm either the toucher or the touched one is young or old.

● The Prophet (P.P.B.U.H) said, “Whoever touches his sexual organ, let him perform ablution.”   [AL-Tirmidhi].

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Sand Ablution (Tayyammum)